由 jpichiban 尽管美国政府在过去两年内通过了旨在振兴半导体和电动汽车产业的产业培育法案，但美国国内生产仍然停滞不前，供应链摆脱中国的目标尚未实现。电动汽车电池70%仍依赖中国进口。虽然巨额补贴吸引了国内外企业投资，但投资计划推迟、缩减和中断的现象显著。例如，福特汽车缩小了在密歇根州的电池工厂规模，LG集团中断了在亚利桑那州的电池工厂建设，台积电和英特尔的半导体工厂建设也出现了延误。此外，美国电动汽车销售减速导致厂商盈利能力恶化，难以与中国低成本汽车竞争。人力短缺也是影响半导体产业发展的因素之一。虽然美国政府试图通过提高关税来减少对中国的依赖，但中国企业通过东南亚进行绕道进口，避开了关税。专家认为，美国在电池和半导体产业的供应链方面落后于中国，需要更多支持。因此，拜登政府在推动产业国产化方面尚未取得实质性进展，未来选举结果可能对产业政策产生重大影响。
Original Title: 美国产业培育缓慢，电池7成仍依赖中国
Summary: Despite the passage of industrial development bills aimed at revitalizing the semiconductor and electric vehicle (EV) industries in the past two years, domestic production in the U.S. remains stagnant, and the goal of decoupling supply chains from China remains unrealized. 70% of EV batteries are still imported from China. While massive subsidies have attracted investment from domestic and foreign companies, there are significant delays, reductions, and interruptions in investment plans. For example, Ford Motor Company has scaled back its battery factory in Michigan, LG Group has halted construction of a battery factory in Arizona, and there have been delays in the construction of semiconductor factories by TSMC and Intel. Additionally, the slowing of EV sales in the U.S. has led to a decline in manufacturer profitability, making it difficult to compete with low-cost Chinese vehicles. Labor shortages are also a factor affecting semiconductor industry development. Although the U.S. government has tried to reduce reliance on China by raising tariffs, Chinese companies have bypassed tariffs by shipping through Southeast Asia. Experts believe that the U.S. lags behind China in battery and semiconductor supply chains and requires more support. As a result, the Biden administration has yet to make substantial progress in promoting domestic production, and future election results could have a significant impact on industrial policy.
Original article: http://cn.nikkei.com/politicsaeconomy/investtrade/56580-2024-09-05-05-00-27.html?print=1