由 jpichiban 
世界卫生组织敦促疫苗制造商加快猴痘疫苗的生产，以应对目前正在迅速蔓延的猴痘疫情。世卫组织已将猴痘疫情提升至“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”级别。目前，主要流行的猴痘病毒株是1b型，该病毒株在刚果民主共和国迅速传播并扩散到周边国家。世卫组织表示，目前有足够的猴痘疫苗库存，但需要进行大规模生产以满足需求。世卫组织还呼吁拥有疫苗库存的国家将疫苗捐赠给正在爆发疫情的国家。
Original Title: 猴痘疫情激增 世卫组织敦促加紧生产疫苗
Summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) has urged vaccine manufacturers to ramp up production of monkeypox vaccines to curb the spread of the dangerous virus. The WHO declared a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” (PHEIC) – its highest level of alert – on Wednesday after a surge in monkeypox cases linked to the 1b clade, a variant that is rapidly spreading from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to neighbouring countries. “We do need the manufacturers to ramp up production considerably so that we can have more vaccine available,” WHO spokesperson Margaret Harris told reporters. The WHO is asking countries with stocks of monkeypox vaccines to donate them to nations experiencing outbreaks. There are two main types of monkeypox vaccines in use: MVA-BN, produced by the Danish pharmaceutical company Bavarian Nordic, and LC16, from Japan. Harris said there are currently 500,000 doses of MVA-BN in stock, with another 2.4 million ready for rapid production if a buyer comes forward, and a further 10 million doses could be produced by 2025 if there is a clear procurement request. “The ‘LC16’ is a non-commercial vaccine, produced on behalf of the Japanese government. There are significant stocks of this vaccine,” Harris added, saying the WHO is working with Tokyo to facilitate its donation.
The global humanitarian network, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), has said the response to the monkeypox outbreak faces significant challenges. The IFRC’s senior emergency public health officer Bronwyn Nicol said the majority of the vaccine stockpiles are held in wealthier countries, and the amount of vaccines delivered to Africa so far is “a drop in the ocean”. “There are serious shortages of testing, treatment and vaccines across the entire continent. These shortages are significantly hindering our ability to control the outbreak,” she said.
The WHO, led by Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, is issuing temporary guidance to countries on how to respond to the monkeypox surge. There are two subtypes of monkeypox virus: the 1 clade, which is more virulent and deadly, is prevalent in the Congo Basin in Central Africa; and the 2 clade, which is prevalent in West Africa. Tedros told the UN health agency’s Standing Committee on Health Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response on Thursday that the DRC outbreak was triggered by two distinct 1 clade outbreaks. The first, which started in the northwest of the country, was previously referred to as the 1 clade, now known as the 1a clade, and primarily affected children, spreading through multiple routes of transmission. The second outbreak, in the northeast of the country, was a new lineage of the 1 clade, first identified in September last year, referred to as the 1b clade, and is spreading rapidly through sexual transmission between adults.
The spread of the 1b clade and its detection in neighboring countries was a key reason for the WHO’s highest level alert. “This is a complex situation that requires a complex, comprehensive and coordinated international response to address these outbreaks and bring them under control,” Tedros said.